Android tutorial for beginners- Part- 1

January 13, 2016 Ajeet 0 Comments

Android Screen Components

A UI in android is defined in an xml file. During compilation, each element in the XML is compiled into equivalent Android GUI class.

View & ViewGroup

View is the basic building blocks of User Interface (UI) elements in android. It is a superclass for all GUI components in Android.

Android contains the following commonly used View subclasses:

TextView

EditText

ImageView

ProgressBar

Button

ImageButton

CheckBox

DatePicker etc.

The ViewGroup class is a subclass of the View class. View Group is the invisible container that holds View and View Group, eg: LineraLayout is the ViewGroup it contains Button(View) and other Layouts also. ViewGroup is the base class for Layouts.Android contains the following commonly used ViewGroup subclasses:

Linear Layout
Relative Layout
List View
Grid View

LinearLayout

In this layout all the elements are arranged in a linear way depending upon the orientation which can be vertical or horizontal.

<?xml version=”1.0” encoding=”utf-8”?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android=”http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android”
   android:layout_width=”match_parent”
   android:layout_height=”fill_parent”
   android:orientation=”vertical” > //this orientation can be    
                                      vertical/horizontal
   
   //TextView is used to simply display a text on screen
   <TextView
      android:layout_width=”match_parent”
      android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
      android:text=”Linear Layout Example”
    />

   //EditText is used to take input from user
   <EditText
      android:layout_width=”match_parent”
      android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
      android:hint=”Enter your name”
      android:id=”@+id/name”
    />

   <Button
      android:layout_width=”match_parent”
      android:layout_height=”wrap_content”
      android:text=”Click here”
      android:id=”@+id/btn1” // here id specifies unique identifier for  
                                each element through which we can  
                                identify that element
   />

</LinearLayout>

RelativeLayout

In this layout all the elements are arranged on the screen with respect to other elements.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="fill_parent"
    android:layout_height="fill_parent" >

    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnButton1"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button 1"/>
    
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnButton2"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button 2"
        android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnButton1"/>

     <Button
        android:id="@+id/btnButton3"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Button 3"
        android:layout_below="@+id/btnButton1"/>

     <TextView
         android:id="@+id/textView1"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_below="@+id/btnButton3"
         android:layout_marginTop="94dp"
         android:text="User :"
         android:textAppearance="?android:attr/textAppearanceLarge" />

     <EditText
         android:id="@+id/editText1"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
         android:layout_alignTop="@+id/textView1"
         android:layout_toRightOf="@+id/btnButton3" />

     <Button
         android:id="@+id/btnSubmit"
         android:layout_width="wrap_content"
         android:layout_height="wrap_content"
         android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
         android:layout_below="@+id/editText1"
         android:text="Submit" />

Activity

An activity is an android component that represents a single screen with which the user interacts

The Activity class defines the following call backs i.e. events. You don’t need to implement all the callbacks methods. However, it’s important that you understand each one and implement those that ensure your app behaves the way users expect.

Toast

In Android, Toast is a notification message that pop up, display a certain amount of time, and automatically fades in and out, most people just use it for debugging purpose.

Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "Login Successful", 1).show();

For more deatls, visit this site: http://www.mkyong.com/android/android-toast-example/

Creating first android app:

1. Create a New Project on Android Studio

2. Specify all the fields

6. Go to folder res > layout >

Create your xml file under this folder. Two xml files are by default defined in this folder i.e. activity_main.xml, fragment_main.xml. You can either user these or create your own.

7. Go to folder src>main>java>”your package”>”your Activity”

Here you can define the activities of your app. Within the activity, in onCreate() there is a method named setContentView(R.layout.activity_main), within this method you can specify your layout name i.e. R.layout.<your layout>

Important links:

Android project Directory structure: http://javatechig.com/tools/android-studio-project-structure

Creating first Android app: http://www.raywenderlich.com/56107/make-first-android-app-part-1

http://www.sitepoint.com/12-android-tutorials-beginners/

LLets continue next topic here.

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